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The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the electronic machinery that executes instructions from programs so that your computer can call your friends, play a YouTube video or calculate compound interest in a spreadsheet. This processor is found in computers and other modern devices like smartphones, tablet computers, smart watches and even some appliances like refrigerators or thermostats. In the case of a CPU, these calculations are based on the billions of transistors that form its core.
These transistors are electrical switches that allow or prevent current from flowing through, conveying ones or zeroes to perform an action. It’s this underlying architecture that makes the CPU so powerful.
A CPU operates in three key stages: fetch, decode and execute. It begins by reading a command from RAM and sending it to a part of its control unit called the instruction register. This component uses a combinational circuit to decode the instructions into signals that are sent to other parts of the CPU for execution.
Next, the CPU sends these signals to its arithmetic and logic units. The arithmetic unit performs basic arithmetic operations like adding, subtracting and multiplying numbers. The logic unit is used to do other logic operations like comparing, selecting, matching and merging data.
CPUs also have a memory unit that saves all of the final processed data results before they’re sent to an output device. This memory is usually a layer-1 cache, which offers fast access to the device’s main global memory. Cpu’s